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Foundation

Introduction

In this column, Yuzo Usui, the author of "All About Distributed Constant Circuits for Board Designers", provides useful information for circuit designers and board designers, such as signal integrity and power supply. I will explain it in an easy-to-understand manner.

I will start from the basics of the basics, and will continue to serialize themes that others can not ask now, and themes of a slightly advanced level. Even those who already know it can read it as a review, so please take a look.

Latest column

Bessel filter response using Laplace transform (published on August 8, 2023)

Figure 1. Frequency response of distributed parameter circuit.

Frequency response of distributed constant circuit
Figure 1 shows the expression for the frequency response of a distributed constant circuit.

To find the far-end voltage V2, it is convenient to use a cascade.

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normal column

Signal quality (signal integrity)

release date	title	release date	title
June 29, 2015	Fundamentals of Signal Integrity Fundamentals	July 6, 2015	What is characteristic impedance?
July 13, 2015	Distributed constant circuit - what is distributed?	July 20, 2015	Boundary line between distributed constant circuit and lumped constant circuit
July 27, 2015	Characteristic impedance and drive capability of driver	August 3, 2015	How to decide the value of damping resistor?
August 17, 2015	where to put the damping resistor	August 24, 2015	Introduction to Crosstalk
August 31, 2015	Near-end crosstalk and countermeasures	September 7, 2015	How to determine the characteristic impedance of a board
September 14, 2015	Simultaneous switching noise	September 21, 2015	What is differential impedance?
September 28, 2015	Line loss and waveform	October 5, 2015	Analysis of Reflection Using IBIS Model - Part 1
October 12, 2015	Analysis of Reflection Using IBIS Model - Part 2	October 19, 2015	How to determine the cross-sectional dimensions of a board that seems to know but does not know
October 26, 2015	Damping resistor value to be determined more easily	November 2, 2015	What is a terminating resistor? ~ Part 1
November 9, 2015	What is a terminating resistor? ~ Part 2	January 18, 2016	Bus transmission - Part 1
January 25, 2016	Bus transmission - Part 2	December 19, 2016	Driver load capacity
January 23, 2017	Capacitive load in distributed constant circuit	February 6, 2017	Effects of Circuit Elements Connected to Distributed Constant Circuits
March 13, 2017	Equivalent circuit of connector and via	April 24, 2017	grid diagram
May 29, 2017	Bergeron chart	June 26, 2017	Nonlinear Bergeron chart
July 24, 2017	Exact Solution for Differential Crosstalk	August 28, 2017	PRBS (pseudorandom signal)
September 25, 2017	What is a terminating resistor? ~ Part 3	October 23, 2017	Reflection suppression by clamp diode
November 20, 2017	Questions about load capacitance when measuring delay time	December 18, 2017	The identity of the crosstalk coefficient
January 31, 2018	Line constant of two lines, why is the capacitance Cm between lines negative?	February 26, 2018	Backward crosstalk factor Kb and forward crosstalk factor Kf
March 22, 2018	far end crosstalk	April 20, 2018	vertical row
June 11, 2018	Laplace transform and Fourier transform	June 25, 2018	FFT by Excel
July 23, 2018	Longitudinal sequence and waveform analysis of distributed constant line	September 21, 2018	How do I find the pull-up and pull-down resistor values?
January 21, 2019	Types and structures of diodes	April 1, 2019	What are VIH/VIL/VOH/VOL?
June 10, 2019	Reflection due to signal branching	September 2, 2019	Substrate characteristic impedance control
November 6, 2019	The reason for the slope of the TDR waveform	December 5, 2019	Cascading Crosstalk - Connecting Different Wires Increases Crosstalk?
February 10, 2020	Concept of noise margin	March 31, 2020	From noise margin to timing margin
June 16, 2020	FFT by Excel (Part 2)	February 19, 2021	Analyzing reflections with formulas
April 13, 2021	Pros and cons of ground pattern between wiring	June 10, 2021	Crosstalk mathematical solution 1
August 5, 2021	Crosstalk mathematical solution 2	October 1, 2021	Mathematical Solution of Crosstalk Part 3 Smart Solution
April 4, 2022	Line where Z0 changes midway due to wiring from BGA etc.	May 31, 2022	capacitive reflection
August 3, 2022	Frequency characteristics of distributed constant line	September 30, 2022	Frequency characteristics of distributed parameter lines continued
November 30, 2022	Laplace transform and Fourier transform Part 2	January 24, 2023	Folding noise (alias) in FFT
March 31, 2023	Difference between Bessel filter and other filters Part 1	June 12, 2023	Difference between Bessel filter and other filters Part 2
August 8, 2023	Laplace Transform and Fourier Transform Part 3 - N and Accuracy of FFT Analysis - [NEW]	August 8, 2023	Bessel filter response using Laplace transform [NEW]

high speed transmission

release date	title	release date	title
November 16, 2015	the waveform speaks	November 23, 2015	high speed serial transmission
November 30, 2015	High-speed serial signal waveform	December 7, 2015	Jitter and bathtub curve
December 14, 2015	to ensure a wide eye	December 21, 2015	differential crosstalk

power supply

release date	title	release date	title
February 1, 2016	Power capacitor resonance	February 8, 2016	power supply impedance
February 15, 2016	Power Delivery Network (PDN) Analysis Tool	February 22, 2016	Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) power
February 29, 2016	Actual AC-DC conversion	March 7, 2016	ripple filter
March 14, 2016	Voltage regulators and their types	March 28, 2016	linear regulator
May 30, 2016	Switching regulator - Part 1	June 13, 2016	Switching regulator - Part 2
September 25, 2020	Feedback system stability judgment (1)	September 25, 2020	Feedback system stability judgment (2)
December 29, 2020	Feedback system stability judgment (3)

substrate

release date	title	release date	title
June 27, 2016	Substrate manufacturing process	July 25, 2016	How to determine the cross-sectional dimensions of the board
September 5, 2016	Cross-sectional dimensions of the substrate surface layer - Part 1	September 26, 2016	Cross-sectional dimensions of the substrate surface layer - Part 2
October 17, 2016	Board differential transmission pattern design	November 21, 2016	Cross-sectional dimensions of the intermediate layer of the substrate
December 3, 2018	power bypass capacitor	January 24, 2022	Substrate parameter liberation from approximation formula 1
February 7, 2022	Substrate parameters Release from approximation formula 2

special issue

release date	title	release date	title
April 18, 2016	Unraveling DDR SDRAM - Part 1 (Before SDRAM Appearance)	May 9, 2016	Unraveling DDR SDRAM - Part 2 (after SDRAM appeared)
March 28, 2016	Kelvin connection	May 30, 2016	Step-down transient solution

Trivia

release date	title	release date	title
June 29, 2015	electric speed	July 6, 2015	current in light bulb
July 27, 2015	Resistor or Capacitor Value	September 28, 2015	impedance and admittance
January 25, 2016	SSTL - Part 1	January 25, 2016	SSTL ~ Part 2
April 24, 2017	Offset 関数	April 24, 2017	Relative and absolute references
June 10, 2019	reflection coefficient	January 11, 2021	Optimum Z0 for TTL is 100Ω
June 12, 2023	Oscilloscope bandwidth and signal rise time

Signal Integrity for Freshers

release date	title	release date	title
October 10, 2016	What is signal integrity?	October 31, 2016	Impedance matching (matching)
November 28, 2016	Signal waveforms in a not-so-good design	December 12, 2016	characteristic impedance
December 26, 2016	Damping resistor - Part 1	December 26, 2016	Damping resistor - Part 2

About the author

Yuzo Usui

Career
Joined Fujitsu Limited in 1972.
Since joining the company, he has been consistently engaged in work related to circuit technology.
Specializes in analog circuit technology and electrical packaging technology.
After working as the general manager of circuit technology and chief manager of the technology division, he left Fujitsu in 2001.
In the same year, he joined Macnica
After serving as Director of Technology Development Center and CTO, he left Macnica in June 2008.
From August of the same year, he became a technical advisor Elsena Inc.
In October 2018, he retired as a technical advisor when Macnica, Ltd. merged with Elsena Inc.

Main publication
All About Distributed Constant Circuits for Board Designers (self-published)
Environmental Electromagnetic Engineering Handbook (co-authored by Asakura Shoten)
In addition, he has contributed many articles to Nikkei Electronics, Nikkei Microdevices, Monthly EMC, Design Wave Magazine, Electronics Mounting Society Journal, etc.

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