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![[Basic Lecture Series on Passive Components (LC)] Basics of LC -Part 2 Inductor Operation-](/business/semiconductor/articles/136500_wurth_article_cover_ver2.png)
Inductors and capacitors are essential components in electronic circuits. I will explain the basic role of its operation.
The contents of this time will be Part 2 “Inductor behavior”.
If you want to see other articles, there is a summary page, so please take a look there.
Overview
Inductor behavior
There are two main basic operations of an inductor.
Energy storage and release: Power circuits use this characteristic to perform power conversion.
When a current is passed through an inductor, a magnetic field is generated according to the right-handed screw rule and stored as magnetic energy. When this current flow is stopped, the stored energy is released. This can be used to construct a power supply circuit.
Impedance change with frequency: Inductor impedance changes at Z=ωL[Ω].
DC passes through, but AC becomes less likely to pass as the frequency rises. You can use this to configure your filters.
Relationship between inductor voltage and current
The voltage developed across the inductor is given by this equation.
V=Ldi/dt[V]
This means that when a current of 1A/μs flows through a 1μH inductor, the voltage across it is 1V. Figure 1 shows the result of confirming this using LTspice.
When a current of 1A/μs flows, the voltage of VL is 1V, and if the polarity is reversed, it becomes -1V, and it can be confirmed that VL does not change even if the current is constant at 1A.
Figure 1
I will explain the operation when used in a power supply circuit in a future Part.
Inductor impedance characteristics
As mentioned above, the impedance of the inductor is Z=ωL[Ω]. Figure 2 shows the result of confirming this characteristic using LTspice.
The conditions are 100k to 100MHz at 1.59μH.
1.59μH is used to make the waveform easier to see because Z≈1Ω at 100kHz.
Figure 2
It can be confirmed that the impedance increases as the frequency rises.
Conversely, the impedance of a capacitor changes at Z=1/ωC[Ω], so the impedance decreases as the frequency rises.
LC filters make use of these characteristics.
Since this characteristic is the characteristic of an ideal inductor, it does not actually have this characteristic.
The actual characteristics will be explained in the next Part.
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