There is a Time Group setting in the Quartus II settings, is it possible to use this for the SDC format?

Yes. It is possible. For Time Group settings, you can select the nodes you want to group in [Assignments] => [Assignments (Time) Groups].

If you declare the created Time Group group on sdc as follows, you can put restrictions on pins etc.
set_input_delay -clock { } [get_assignment_groups -ports ]

where is on qsf
set_global_assignment -name ASSIGNMENT_GROUP_MEMBER -section_id
and is set to At this time, with the get_assignment_groups option
-ports
By adding , pin restrictions can be applied.