Category: Nios® II
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Fast has the following three main functions, and Fast's overall processing is faster, but basically the things that can be done with software are the same.
If there is no cache, the processing performance tends to drop significantly, so if you have a license (*), it is safer to select Fast.

(1) Equipped with a pipeline
(2) Equipped with a cache
(3) Multiplication operations can be implemented in hardware

Since Fast has a pipeline, the number of clocks required to execute one instruction is less than Economy, and processing is faster.
In addition, the built-in cache reduces the number of times instructions and data are read and written, resulting in faster processing.
When implementing multiplication processing, Fast can produce results faster than Economy because it can be processed in hardware instead of software.

Nios® II performance measurement results are published in the following documents.
(Reference) Nios® II Performance Benchmarks
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/programmable/us/en/pdfs/literature/ds/ds_nios2_perf.pdf
(Nios II Processor Architecture Performance table)

Please refer to the following page for useful information on speeding up Nios® II.
(Reference) Measurement using Nios® II acceleration method Dhrystone 2.1
https://macnicago.zendesk.com/hc/ja/articles/360023062431

* Nios® II/f (Fast Core) is a paid IP. Nios® II/e (Economy core) is free to use.