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We will explain several times about security, which is often asked in the support of Bluetooth product development.
In this third article, I will explain the types of authentication methods (Association model) and how they are determined from the input and output of the final product.
Bluetooth device input/output
First, the input/output of Bluetooth products is classified into the following based on the output (display)/input of a 6-digit number used for pairing authentication, and yes/no input.
| classification | Overview | Product example |
| No Input No Output | no input/output | BT earphones, speakers |
| Display only | Can display 6 digits | With screen display + without simple button |
| Display Yes/No | 6-digit number display + Yes/No input possible | With screen display + With simple button |
| keyboard | 6-digit number input possible | BT keyboard, smart lock |
| Keyboard display | 6-digit number can be displayed and entered | smartphone, computer |
Types of authentication methods in LESC
LESC (LE Secure Connections Paring), the pairing method for BT4.2 and later, has the following four authentication methods.
| No. | Authentication method | Overview |
| 1 | Just works | No authentication |
| 2 | Passkey entry | Display 6-digit number on one device, enter 6-digit number on the other |
| 3 | Numeric Comparison | Display a 6-digit number on both devices, confirm that it is the same and press the button |
| 4 | Out of Band (OOB) | Exchange pairing information via non-BT communication (NFC, etc.) |
4 OOB is rarely used in practice, so it is omitted in this article.
Determining authentication method in LESC
The authentication method (Association model) is determined based on the input and output as follows.
In the next article, we will use Microchip's BLE module (BM70) and iPhone7, and explain the actual screen display on a smartphone.
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