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Wireless charging spreads in various fields
Wireless chargers for smartphones are now widely used, and the market size is growing rapidly. Wireless charging allows you to charge faster and without having to consider the power port interface. Wireless charging is already commonplace, but it is expected to expand further in various product areas, such as wearable devices, IoT devices, and beauty appliances.
In this article, we will introduce the wireless charging standard "Qi" and the certification required for 15W power supply compatible wireless charging of Qi v1.3 and later.
When wireless charging is used
Examples of wireless charging applications include cameras and earphones, as well as beauty appliances such as electric shavers and game controllers, which are currently wired. The power supply side will likely expand to all kinds of furniture, such as household tables, chairs, and beds.
A standard that attracts attention in wireless charging - Qi -
Qi is an international standard for wireless charging, developed by an international standards organization called WPC (Wireless Power Consortium).
Currently, it is mainly used to charge smartphones, but it is said that a variety of devices will be compatible with Qi in the future.
Qi v1.0 was released in July 2010, and today Qi v2.0 (Qi2) is the latest. The history of Qi versions is as follows.
Qi v1.2
Qi v1.2, released in October 2015, increased the power cap from 5W to 15W, allowing devices to charge faster.
In addition, since it is possible to charge even if the device and the Qi compatible charger are not in direct contact, it is possible to embed the charger.
For 15W power supply, both the power supply side and the power receiving side must support a profile called EPP (Extended Power Profile).
Qi v1.3
In Qi v1.3 released in January 2021, the upper limit of power supply remains at 15W, but authentication with a hardware chip is now required to prevent accidents when supplying 15W power.
In order to supply 15W power, the receiving side must authenticate the power supplying side. If authentication is not possible, the wireless power transmission level will be lowered to 5W power supply, or charging will not be accepted in the first place.
Qi2 - Current latest standard -
The WPC officially announced Qi2 as the next-generation Qi standard in November 2023.
One of the main technologies is "Magnetic Power Profile," which uses magnetic force to align the charging position. This uses Apple's "MagSafe" technology, and is expected to improve charging efficiency. It is also known to support charging methods other than the conventional flat-surface charging method. Compatible chargers have already been released.
Currently, the upper limit remains at 15W, but there are plans to formulate a higher output of 50W in the future.
(Added June 2025) Qi2.1 is scheduled to be released, which will provide high-precision alignment and flexible compatibility even with devices that do not have magnets, thanks to support for magnetic-compatible cases (Qi2 Ready) and moving coil transmitters.
What you need to do to be compliant with Qi's 15W power delivery
In order to support 15W power delivery in Qi v1.3 or later, public key certificates called "Product Unit Certificates" must be included in EPP compatible chargers.
When manufacturing a wireless charger that supports 15W power delivery, the manufacturer must sign a “Qi Authentication Agreement for a Manufacturer” and obtain Product Unit Certificates from a CA service provider. Please note that only WPC members can sign.
In addition, the use of security-certified hardware chips is mandatory to protect the authentication process. Additionally, keys and certificates must be provisioned in a security-certified manufacturing environment.
Hardware certification IC for Qi 15W power supply support
Infineon, a CA service provider that can provide Product Unit Certificates (PUC) and a leading company in the security IC field, has developed "OPTIGA™ Trust Charge" as an authentication solution for wireless charging that supports Qi 15W power supply.