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Wireless charging spreads in various fields
Today, wireless chargers for smartphones are widely used, and the market size is rapidly increasing. By using wireless charging, it is possible to charge more quickly and without having to consider the power supply interface. Wireless charging is already commonplace, but it is expected to expand further in various product fields such as wearable devices, IoT devices, and beauty appliances.
In this article, we will introduce the wireless charging standard "Qi" and the certification solution required for wireless charging compatible with 15W power supply after Qi v1.3.
When wireless charging is used
A standard that attracts attention in wireless charging - Qi -
Qi is an international standard for wireless charging, developed by an international standards organization called WPC (Wireless Power Consortium).
Currently, it is mainly used to charge smartphones, but it is said that a variety of devices will be compatible with Qi in the future.
Qi v1.0 was released in July 2010, and today Qi v2.0 (Qi2) is the latest. The history of Qi versions is as follows.
Qi v1.2
Qi v1.2, released in October 2015, increased the power cap from 5W to 15W, allowing devices to charge faster.
In addition, since it is possible to charge even if the device and the Qi compatible charger are not in direct contact, it is possible to embed the charger.
For 15W power supply, both the power supply side and the power receiving side must support a profile called EPP (Extended Power Profile).
Qi v1.3
In Qi v1.3 released in January 2021, the upper limit of power supply remains at 15W, but authentication with a hardware chip is now required to prevent accidents when supplying 15W power.
In order to supply 15W power, the receiving side must authenticate the power supplying side. If authentication is not possible, the wireless power transmission level will be lowered to 5W power supply, or charging will not be accepted in the first place.
Qi2 - Current latest standard -
WPC plans to introduce Qi2 as the next generation Qi standard in the second half of 2023.
One of the main technologies is "Magnetic Power Profile," which uses magnetic force to align charging positions. This uses Apple's "MagSafe" technology, which is expected to improve charging efficiency. It is also expected to support charging methods other than the conventional flat-to-plane charging method.
At present, the upper limit of 15W remains unchanged, but in the future it is planned to develop specifications for an even higher output of 50W.
(Added in January 2024) Qi2 was officially announced in November 2023, and compatible chargers have also been released.
What you need to do to be compliant with Qi's 15W power delivery
In order to support 15W power delivery in Qi v1.3 or later, public key certificates called "Product Unit Certificates" must be included in EPP compatible chargers.
When manufacturing a wireless charger that supports 15W power delivery, the manufacturer must sign a “Qi Authentication Agreement for a Manufacturer” and obtain Product Unit Certificates from a CA service provider. Please note that only WPC members can sign.
In addition, the use of security-certified hardware chips is mandatory to protect the authentication process. Additionally, keys and certificates must be provisioned in a security-certified manufacturing environment.
If you have any questions about Qi, please contact us from here.
Hardware certification IC for Qi 15W power supply support
Infineon, a CA service provider capable of providing Product Unit Certificates and a leading company in security IC chips, introduces the authentication solution "OPTIGA™ Trust Charge" for wireless charging compatible with Qi 15W power supply. .
OPTIGA™ Trust Charge
OPTIGA™ Trust Charge is a microcontroller called Secure Element, which specializes in security, and is Common Criteria EAL6+ certified. Infineon can also personalize and implement WPC-specified certificates and keys to OPTIGA™ Trust Charg in an environment certified as secure by an external authority.
Furthermore, it can be provided as a turnkey solution including a software library for the power supply side.
Key features of OPTIGA™ Trust Charge include:
- User memory up to 10kByte
- USON10-2 package (3×3mm)
- I2C interface
- ECDSA P-256 Certification
- NIST P-256, SHA-2 encryption
- -20 ~ 85 °C / -40 ~ 105 °C temperature range
OPTIGA™ Trust Charge Auto
An optimized solution for in-vehicle wireless charging up to 15W. This solution also offers AEC Q100 automotive certification.This allows manufacturers of in-vehicle wireless chargers to develop chargers that comply with the latest Qi specifications.