Convert to analog output using PWM with koshian without D / A converter

Koshian does not have a D/A converter and cannot output analog values.
However, depending on the circuit combination, there are cases where it is better to receive the output from the koshian as an analog value.
As a solution, we will introduce a method to configure a simple D/A converter by combining PWM output and Low Pass Filter (LPF).

By using the LPF as shown in the figure, it is possible to extract the average output voltage according to the duty ratio of the PWM signal. Koshian's digital information is converted to a DC voltage value through the connection between the PWM output pin and the LPF, and can be received as analog information by the receiving device. It can be said that it is an effective method for devices that do not have D / A converters like koshian.

However, this analog signal contains the ripple (noise) of the PWM fundamental frequency and its harmonic components.
If the required analog signal frequency is small enough compared to the PWM fundamental frequency,
Ripple can be reduced by lowering the cutoff frequency.

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