As the requirements for measuring instruments increase, the front-end needs to be redesigned, but in many workplaces, resources and time are limited. With no room for rework or repeated failures, many designers likely want to "proceed with the redesign via the shortest route."
In this article, we introduce Analog Devices' (ADI) integrated ΣΔAFE as a recommended option for those looking for such a solution.
Front-end performance is determined by the accumulation of errors and variations!
Resolution alone isn't enough—what truly matters in the front-end of a measuring instrument.
The performance of a measuring instrument's front-end isn't determined solely by its resolution. Errors and variations in each component supporting AD conversion, such as the PGA, filters, and MUX, accumulate and gradually degrade the final accuracy.
The 24-bit ΣΔ AD converters "AD4130" and "AD4190" achieve both high performance and ease of implementation by integrating functions crucial for maintaining accuracy onto a single chip. They are an option that aims to simultaneously reduce circuit space and the number of components.
The two products differ in their design philosophy regarding "how to achieve low noise" depending on the target application.
AD4130
This is an ultra-low power product designed for battery-powered measuring instruments. It incorporates features that contribute to longer battery life and smaller product size.
AD4190
This front-end prioritizes measurement quality, offering both low noise performance and high data rates. It's ideal for desktop measuring instruments where high quality is essential.
Below, we will introduce the AD4130 and AD4190 in detail. Please choose the one that best suits your application.
AD4130: An integrated AD converter that enables long-term, low-noise operation of battery-powered measurements.
The AD4130 family achieves ultra-low power consumption of 32μA in continuous conversion mode. While maintaining the same performance as the previous generation "AD7124," it reduces current consumption to just 1/10th. The flagship product "AD4130-4" is equipped with a high-precision 24-bit ΣΔ AD and integrates the peripheral functions necessary for measurement into a single package.
Integrated peripheral functions
■Low-noise PGA (gain 1 to 128)
■ Precharge buffer via PGA bypass
■ Crosspoint Multiplexer
■ Built-in reference (1.2V or 2.5V. External reference is also available.)
■SINC filters
■Diagnostic function
■ Sensor bias voltage
■ Smart Sequencer
■FIFO, duty cycling function
AD4130 family lineup
The AD4130 family includes the following lineup:
- AD4130: 24-bit/FIFO built-in
- AD4129: 16-bit/FIFO built-in
- AD4131: 16-bit/no FIFO
Each model number is available in both 4-channel (4 differential or 8 pseudo-differential) and 8-channel (8 differential or 16 pseudo-differential) versions.
Advantages of the AD4130 family
By adopting the AD4130 family, you can enjoy the following advantages:
■ Maximizing battery life
Supports low-voltage operation from 1.71 to 3.6V single power supply. It operates stably for extended periods even when using a single-cell battery or when the power supply voltage drops, maximizing battery life.
■ Noise reduction using a SINC filter
It features a built-in SINC filter to remove noise components from 50Hz/60Hz commercial power supplies. Flexible filter options and a wide output data rate range up to 2.4ksps allow for noise suppression tailored to the system's speed requirements.
■ Eliminate the accumulation of errors and reduce the number of parts.
Because peripheral functions are integrated, the "accumulation of errors" that occur when combining individual components is eliminated. This reduces the number of components, simultaneously achieving high-precision measurement, space saving on the circuit board, and cost reduction.
■ Early market entry through the reuse of design assets
By integrating diverse functions, the hardware remains common, while software control alone enables support for various circuit boards. Because a single design can be deployed across multiple product lines, development time is reduced, and new products can be brought to market more quickly.
AD4190: An integrated AD converter that provides high-precision, multi-channel measurement seamlessly.
The AD4190 family, which we will introduce next, enables high-speed and high-precision data measurement. It is equipped with a 24-bit high-precision ΣΔ AD converter and integrates all necessary peripheral functions into a single package. The basic configuration is the same as the AD4130 family, but the focus is on specifications that contribute to measurement quality.
Integrated peripheral functions
■Low-noise PGA (gain 0.5 to 128)
■ Precharge buffer via PGA bypass
■ Crosspoint Multiplexer
■Built-in reference (2.5V. External reference can also be used)
■SINC filters
■Diagnostic function
■Channel Sequencer
AD4190 family lineup
The AD4190 family includes two types: "AD4190-4" and "AD4195-4".
•AD4190: Electrical characteristics are specified as typ(typical value).
• AD4195: Electrical characteristics are specified as min (minimum value) / max (maximum value).
Since the absolute value standard is defined on the device side, the AD4195 is recommended if you want to accurately determine the error.
Advantages of the AD4190 family
By adopting the AD4190 family, you can enjoy the following advantages:
■ Power supply voltage suitable for desktop measuring instruments, and gain settings starting from 0.5x.
Compatible with power supply voltages from 4.75V to 5.25V. Suitable for desktop measuring instruments with stable power supply. Low-noise PGA can be set from 0.5x to 128x. The magnification can be adjusted more precisely to match the input signal.
■ High-speed and high-precision measurement with a maximum output data rate of 62.5 ksps
Supports a wide output data rate range of 5 to 62.5 ksps. It is approximately 30 times faster than the AD4130 family, enabling more accurate measurements. The built-in SINC filter simultaneously removes 50Hz/60Hz noise originating from the commercial power supply.
Of course, you can also enjoy the benefits of signal chain integration, such as eliminating accumulated errors, reducing the number of parts, and reducing design man-hours by reusing design assets.
Comparison of key specifications between the AD4130/AD4190 family and previous models.
The following table compares the key specifications of the AD4130 and AD4190 families with those of previous models (AD7124 and AD4170). Since the previous generation AD7124 and the AD4130/AD4190 families are pin-compatible, you can consider replacing existing designs with these.
|
AD4130 series (DC) |
AD4190 series (DC) |
AD4170 series (AC + DC) |
AD7124 series (DC) |
|
|
Sampling rate (kSPS) |
0.01 to 2.4 |
0.01 to 62.5 |
0.01 to 500 |
0.01 to 19.2 |
|
Current consumption (mA) |
0.032 |
10 |
12.5 |
0.3/0.4/1 |
|
Built-in voltage reference |
✔ |
✔ |
✔ |
✔ |
|
Excitation current, V BIAS |
✔ |
✔ |
✔ |
✔ |
|
Filters |
Sinc3, sinc4, sinc3 + sinc1, Sinc4 + sinc1 Post filters |
Sinc3, sinc5, Sinc5 + Avg Post filters |
Sinc3, sinc5, sinc5 + Avg Post filters Wideband FIR User Programmable Wideband FIR |
Sinc3, sinc4, Post filters |
Convenient Features – How to Use Sequencer/FIFO/Diagnostic Functions
The AD4130 and AD4190 families include the following features that contribute to overall system power savings and improved reliability:
Smart Sequencer/Channel Sequencer (AD4130/AD4131)
Typically, multi-channel measurements require the host processor to send commands such as "ADC channel switching" and "gain setting" via SPI, which contributes to increased power consumption.
The AD4130's built-in smart sequencer allows you to pre-set measurement conditions for each channel (gain, filter, data rate, etc.) and automatically switch between up to 16 channels in a predetermined order. This reduces the need to rewrite settings via SPI each time a channel is switched, thus lowering the load on the host system. When combined with a FIFO, it can also be used for "autonomous measurement," such as putting the microcontroller into sleep mode for extended periods.
*Please refer to the following section for an overview of the channel sequencer function.
Channel sequencer (AD4190/AD4195)
The AD4190 family features an automatic channel sequencer function. This function organizes multi-channel measurements with per-channel settings and automatic sequencing. It supports a wide data rate of up to 62.5 ksps and TDM-compatible data streaming, making it ideal for efficiently managing low-noise channels.
Duty cycle mode (AD4130/AD4131)
The AD4130/AD4131 has a duty cycle mode. This mode is only active during A/D conversion, reducing the power consumption between conversions to a low-power state and lowering the average current consumption. You can select a ratio of 1/4 or 1/16, and as a typical example, while continuous conversion is 32 μA (gain 128), a duty cycle ratio of 1/16 can reduce it to 5 μA.
By combining it with a smart sequencer or FIFO (256 samples), the communication and operating time of the microcontroller can be reduced, leading to lower power consumption as a system through autonomous operation of the measurement system.
FIFO function (AD4130)
The AD4130 features a built-in FIFO buffer, allowing for the continuous acquisition of up to 256 data points. During this time, the host processor can be put into sleep mode, resulting in overall system power savings. Flexible FIFO modes and sleep wake-up conditions allow for configuration according to specific requirements.
Diagnostic functions for robustness
Both the AD4130 and AD4190 are equipped with comprehensive diagnostic functions, providing strong support for robust system design.
Device error
• Reference detection
• Reference overvoltage / undervoltage
- Conversion error
- Excitation current compliance (AD4190-4/AD4195-4)
- Analog input overvoltage / undervoltage detection
Burnout current
• Power monitor
LDO monitoring
SPI interface
application
The AD4130 and AD4190 families are primarily used in the following applications:
AD4130 Family: Battery-powered portable measuring instruments requiring low power consumption.
AD4190 Family: High-precision measuring instruments such as thermometers, weighing scales, flow meters, and barometers.
This time, we introduced ADI 's integrated ΣΔAFE"AD4130" and "AD4190".
By integrating essential functions for maintaining accuracy onto a single chip, both families achieve both high measurement accuracy and simplified circuit design, making them ideal solutions for design environments with limited development resources and time.
You can try all of these immediately. Please feel free to contact us with any questions or concerns.
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- AD4190-4 (Various datasheets can be downloaded from here)
- AD4195-4 (Various datasheets can be downloaded from here)
- [AD7124 series] A/D converter that achieves low power consumption despite being a Σ-Δ type.
- Ideal for miniaturization and battery operation! The ADPD4100 is an analog front-end (AFE) for vital sign measurement.
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